2010-07-02 18:02:57 +01:00
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## noVNC: HTML5 VNC Client
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2010-04-07 03:34:56 +01:00
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2010-07-02 18:02:57 +01:00
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### Description
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2010-04-07 03:34:56 +01:00
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2010-05-12 15:39:38 +01:00
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noVNC is a VNC client implemented using HTML5 technologies,
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specifically Canvas and WebSocket (supports 'wss://' encryption).
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2010-04-07 03:34:56 +01:00
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2010-04-19 02:53:54 +01:00
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For browsers that do not have builtin WebSocket support, the project
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2010-07-07 22:06:44 +01:00
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includes [web-socket-js](http://github.com/gimite/web-socket-js),
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a WebSocket emulator using Adobe Flash .
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2010-04-07 03:34:56 +01:00
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2010-07-07 22:06:44 +01:00
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In addition, [as3crypto](http://github.com/lyokato/as3crypto_patched)
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has been added to web-socket-js to implement WebSocket SSL/TLS
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encryption, i.e. the "wss://" URI scheme.
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2010-04-30 22:41:09 +01:00
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2010-07-09 16:51:51 +01:00
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Running in Chrome before and after connecting:
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2010-07-09 16:52:42 +01:00
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2010-07-09 16:51:51 +01:00
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<img src="http://kanaka.github.com/noVNC/img/noVNC-1.jpg" width=400> <img src="http://kanaka.github.com/noVNC/img/noVNC-2.jpg" width=400>
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2010-04-07 03:34:56 +01:00
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2010-07-02 18:02:57 +01:00
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### Requirements
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2010-04-07 03:34:56 +01:00
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2010-04-19 02:53:54 +01:00
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Until there is VNC server support for WebSocket connections, you need
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to use a WebSocket to TCP socket proxy. There is a python proxy
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2010-04-30 22:41:09 +01:00
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included ('wsproxy'). One advantage of using the proxy is that it has
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builtin support for SSL/TLS encryption (i.e. "wss://").
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2010-04-07 03:34:56 +01:00
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2010-04-19 02:53:54 +01:00
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There a few reasons why a proxy is required:
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2010-04-07 03:34:56 +01:00
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2010-04-19 02:53:54 +01:00
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1. WebSocket is not a pure socket protocol. There is an initial HTTP
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like handshake to allow easy hand-off by web servers and allow
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some origin policy exchange. Also, each WebSocket frame begins
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with 0 ('\x00') and ends with 255 ('\xff').
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2010-04-07 03:37:35 +01:00
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2. Javascript itself does not have the ability to handle pure byte
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strings (Unicode encoding messes with it) even though you can
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read them with WebSocket. The python proxy encodes the data so
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that the Javascript client can base64 decode the data into an
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2010-05-15 18:38:50 +01:00
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array.
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3. When using the web-socket-js as a fallback, WebSocket 'onmessage'
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events may arrive out of order. In order to compensate for this
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the client asks the proxy (using the initial query string) to add
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sequence numbers to each packet.
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2010-04-07 03:34:56 +01:00
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2010-07-02 18:02:57 +01:00
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### Usage
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2010-06-14 20:34:05 +01:00
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* To encrypt the traffic using the WebSocket 'wss://' URI scheme you
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need to generate a certificate for the proxy to load. You can generate
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a self-signed certificate using openssl. The common name should be the
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hostname of the server where the proxy will be running:
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`openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -nodes -out self.pem -keyout self.pem`
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2010-04-07 03:34:56 +01:00
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* run a VNC server.
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`vncserver :1`
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2010-04-07 03:34:56 +01:00
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* run the python proxy:
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2010-06-17 23:50:15 +01:00
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`./utils/wsproxy.py -f source_port target_addr:target_port
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2010-04-07 03:34:56 +01:00
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2010-06-17 23:50:15 +01:00
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`./utils/wsproxy.py -f 8787 localhost:5901`
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* run the mini python web server to serve the directory:
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2010-06-07 18:47:02 +01:00
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`./utils/web.py PORT`
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2010-04-07 03:34:56 +01:00
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2010-06-07 18:47:02 +01:00
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`./utils/web.py 8080`
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2010-04-07 03:34:56 +01:00
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* Point your web browser at http://localhost:8080/vnc.html
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(or whatever port you used above to run the web server).
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2010-04-19 02:57:34 +01:00
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* Specify the host and port where the proxy is running and the
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2010-04-19 02:53:54 +01:00
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password that the vnc server is using (if any). Hit the Connect
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button and enjoy!
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2010-04-07 03:34:56 +01:00
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2010-05-11 22:13:52 +01:00
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2010-07-02 18:02:57 +01:00
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### Browser Support
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2010-06-21 19:20:57 +01:00
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2010-07-02 18:40:29 +01:00
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In the following table Jaunty is Ubuntu 9.04 and WinXP is Windows XP.
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2010-07-02 18:02:57 +01:00
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#### Linux (Ubuntu 9.04)
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2010-06-21 19:20:57 +01:00
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2010-07-02 18:12:30 +01:00
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<table>
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<tr>
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2010-07-02 18:40:29 +01:00
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<th>OS</th> <th>Browser</th>
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<th>Status</th>
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<th>Notes</th>
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</tr> <tr>
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<td>Jaunty</td> <td>Chrome 5.0.375.29</td>
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<td>Excellent</td>
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<td>Very fast. Native WebSockets.</td>
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</tr> <tr>
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<td>Jaunty</td> <td>Firefox 3.5</td>
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<td>Good</td>
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<td>Large full-color images are somewhat slow from web-socket-js overhead.</td>
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</tr> <tr>
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<td>Jaunty</td> <td>Opera 10.60</td>
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<td>Poor</td>
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<td>web-socket-js problems, mouse/keyboard issues. See note 1</td>
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</tr> <tr>
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<td>Jaunty</td> <td>Arora 0.5</td>
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<td>Good</td>
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<td>Broken putImageData so large full-color images
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are slow. Uses web-socket-js.</td>
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</tr> <tr>
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<td>Jaunty</td> <td>Konqueror 4.2.2</td>
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<td><strong>Broken</strong></td>
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<td>web-socket-js never loads</td>
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2010-07-02 18:25:13 +01:00
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</tr> <tr>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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</tr> <tr>
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<td>WinXP</td> <td>Chrome 5.0.375.99</td>
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<td>Excellent</td>
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<td>Very fast. Native WebSockets.</td>
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</tr> <tr>
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<td>WinXP</td> <td>Firefox 3.0.19</td>
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<td>Good</td>
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<td>Some overhead from web-socket-js.</td>
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</tr> <tr>
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<td>WinXP</td> <td>Safari 5.0</td>
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<td>Fair</td>
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2010-07-02 18:50:34 +01:00
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<td>Fast. Native WebSockets. Broken 'wss://' (SSL) - weird client header</td>
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</tr> <tr>
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<td>WinXP</td> <td>IE 6, 7, 8</td>
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<td><strong>Non-starter</strong></td>
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<td>No basic Canvas support. Javascript painfully slow.</td>
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2010-07-02 18:12:30 +01:00
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</tr>
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</table>
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2010-07-02 18:02:57 +01:00
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2010-07-02 18:50:34 +01:00
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* Note 1: Opera interacts poorly with web-socket-js. After two
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disconnects the browser tab or Flash often hang. Although Javascript
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is faster than Firefox 3.5, the high variability of web-socket-js
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performance results in overall performance being lower. Middle mouse
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clicks and keyboard events need some work to work properly under
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Opera.
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2010-07-02 18:02:57 +01:00
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### Integration
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2010-05-11 22:13:52 +01:00
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The client is designed to be easily integrated with existing web
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structure and style.
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2010-06-03 14:39:42 +01:00
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At a minimum you must include the `vnc.js` and `default_controls.js`
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scripts and call their load() functions. For example:
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2010-07-01 15:53:38 +01:00
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<head>
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<script src='include/vnc.js'></script>
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<script src="include/default_controls.js"></script>
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</head>
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<body>
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<div id='vnc'>Loading</div>
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</body>
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2010-06-02 23:18:46 +01:00
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<script>
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window.onload = function () {
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DefaultControls.load('vnc');
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RFB.load(); };
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</script>
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2010-05-11 22:13:52 +01:00
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2010-06-03 14:39:42 +01:00
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See `vnc.html` and `vnc_auto.html` for examples. The file
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`include/plain.css` has a list of stylable elements.
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2010-06-02 23:28:28 +01:00
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The `vnc.js` also includes other scripts within the `include`
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sub-directory. The `VNC_uri_prefix` variable can be use override the
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URL path to the directory that contains the `include` sub-directory.
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2010-07-06 18:29:37 +01:00
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### Troubleshooting
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You will need console logging support in the browser. Recent Chrome
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and Opera versions have built in support. Firefox has a nice extension
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called "firebug" that gives console logging support.
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First, load the noVNC page with `logging=debug` added to the query string.
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For example `vnc.html?logging=debug`.
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Then, activate the console logger in your browser. With Chrome it can
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be activate using Ctrl+Shift+J and then switching to the "Console"
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tab. With firefox+firebug, it can be activated using Ctrl+F12.
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Now reproduce the problem. The console log output will give more
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information about what is going wrong and where in the code the
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problem is located. If you file a issue/bug, it can be very helpful to
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copy the last page of console output leading up the problem into the
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issue report.
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