## Introduction

MXE (M cross environment) is a GNU Makefile that compiles a cross compiler and cross compiles many free libraries such as SDL and Qt. Thus, it provides a nice cross compiling environment for various target platforms, which

- is designed to run on any Unix system
- is easy to adapt and to extend
- builds many free libraries in addition to the cross compiler
- can also build just a subset of the packages, and automatically builds their dependencies
- downloads all needed packages and verifies them by their checksums
- is able to update the version numbers of all packages automatically
- directly uses source packages, thus ensuring the whole build mechanism is transparent
- allows inter-package and intra-package parallel builds whenever possible
- bundles ccache to speed up repeated builds
- integrates well with autotools, cmake, qmake, and hand-written makefiles
- has been in continuous development since 2007 and is used by several projects
- has pre-compiled binaries that can be used in Continuous Integration systems

### Supported Toolchains

Compiler and runtime: MinGW-w64.

Target OS | Packages
--- | ---
Static | Shared
32 bit Windows | 99% (379/381) | 72% (273/381)
64 bit Windows | 94% (360/381) | 71% (271/381)

These numbers were last updated on December 16, 2015. See the current status for individual packages.

Executables built for 32 bit Windows can be executed on 64 bit Windows as well.

How to choose MXE target:

1. If you want a 64 bit Windows executable, statically linked into one big executable: use MXE_TARGETS x86_64-w64-mingw32.static;
2. If you want a 64 bit Windows executable, split into an executable and dependant dlls use MXE_TARGETS x86_64-w64-mingw32.shared;
3. If you want a 32 bit Windows executable, statically linked into one big executable: use MXE_TARGETS i686-w64-mingw32.static;
4. If you want a 32 bit Windows executable, split into an executable and dependant dlls use MXE_TARGETS i686-w64-mingw32.shared.

Remark: The 'w64-mingw32' in those names are left-overs from historical evolutions in the open source cross-compilation world and refer in no way to the result being 64 or 32 bit Windows.

OpenMP (libgomp) and pthreads (winpthreads) are always available.

When building shared libraries, there are several approaches to recursively finding DLL dependencies (alphabetical list):

- go script
- pe-util packaged with mxe
- python script
- shell script

Experimental support for GCC with posix threads was added in November 2015. Since January 2019 it is used by default.

Experimental support for alternate GCC Exception Handling was added in February 2017.

## Screenshots

Cross compiling 4tH:

and running it:

## Tutorial

### Step 1: Requirements and Download

First, you should ensure that your system meets MXE's requirements. You will almost certainly have to install some stuff.

When everything is fine, download the current version:

    git clone https://github.com/mxe/mxe.git

If you don't mind installing it in your home directory, just skip the following step and go straight to step 3.

MXE builds and installs everything under the same top-level directory and is not relocatable after the first packages are built.

Due to limitations of GNU Make, the path of MXE is not allowed to contain any whitespace characters.

### Step 2: System-wide Installation (optional)

Now you should save any previous installation of the MXE. Assuming you've installed it under /opt/mxe (any other directory will do as well), you should execute the following commands:

    su
    mv /opt/mxe /opt/mxe.old
    exit

Then you need to transfer the entire directory to its definitive location. We will assume again you use /opt/mxe, but feel free to use any other directory if you like.

    su
    mv mxe /opt/mxe
    exit

We're almost done. Just change to your newly created directory and get going:

    cd /opt/mxe

### Step 3a: Build MXE

Enter the directory where you've downloaded MXE. Now it depends on what you actually want – or need.

If you choose to enter:

    make

you're in for a long wait, because it compiles a lot of packages. On the other hand it doesn't require any intervention, so you're free to do whatever you like – like watch a movie or go for a night on the town. When it's done you'll find that you've installed a very capable Win32 cross compiler onto your system.

If you only need the most basic tools you can also use:

    make cc

and add any additional packages you need later on. You can also supply a host of packages on the command line, e.g.:

    make gtk lua libidn

Targets can also be specified on the command line. By default, only i686-w64-mingw32.static is built, but you can build your toolchain(s) of choice with:

    make MXE_TARGETS='x86_64-w64-mingw32.static i686-w64-mingw32.static'

or by adjusting the `MXE_TARGETS` variable in `settings.mk`.

You'll always end up with a consistent cross compiling environment.

If you have trouble here, please feel free to contact the mxe team through the issue tracker or mailing list.

After you're done it just needs a little post-installation.

### Step 3b: Install MXE from the binary distribution

Instead of building MXE packages from source, you can download precompiled packages. There are two options: tar archives and Debian packages. See pkg.mxe.cc.

### Step 4: Environment Variables

Edit the appropriate config script (.bashrc, .cshrc, .profile, .zshrc, etc.) for your shell in order to change $PATH:

    export PATH=/where MXE is installed/usr/bin:$PATH

You may be tempted to also add `$(TARGET)/bin` to your path. You never want to do this, the executables and scripts in there will cause conflicts with your native toolchain.

In case you are using custom $PKG_CONFIG_PATH entries, you can add separate entries for cross builds:

    export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="entries for native builds"

    export PKG_CONFIG_PATH_i686_w64_mingw32_static="entries for MXE builds"

Remember to use i686-w64-mingw32.static-pkg-config instead of pkg-config for cross builds. The Autotools do that automatically for you.

Note that any other compiler related environment variables (like $CC, $LDFLAGS, etc.) may spoil your compiling pleasure, so be sure to delete or disable those.

For the most isolated and repeatable environment, use a white-list approach:

    unset `env | \
        grep -vi '^EDITOR=\|^HOME=\|^LANG=\|MXE\|^PATH=' | \
        grep -vi 'PKG_CONFIG\|PROXY\|^PS1=\|^TERM=' | \
        cut -d '=' -f1 | tr '\n' ' '`

Congratulations! You're ready to cross compile anything you like.

### Step 5a: Cross compile your Project (Autotools)

If you use the Autotools, all you have to do is:

    ./configure --host=i686-w64-mingw32.static
    make

If you build a library, you might also want to enforce a static build:

    ./configure --host=i686-w64-mingw32.static --enable-static --disable-shared
    make

Don't worry about a warning like this:

    configure: WARNING: If you wanted to set the --build type, don't use --host.
    If a cross compiler is detected then cross compile mode will be used.

Everything will be just fine.

### Step 5b: Cross compile your Project (CMake)

If you have a CMake project, you can use the provided cmake wrapper:

    i686-w64-mingw32.static-cmake ...

This will automatically use the MXE version of cmake and locate the toolchain file.

### Step 5c: Cross compile your Project (Qt)

If you have a Qt application, all you have to do is:

    /<where-MXE-is-installed>/usr/i686-w64-mingw32.static/qt5/bin/qmake
    make

Note that Qt 5 is in the "qt5" subdirectory. Qt 4 is in the "qt" subdirectory and its qmake can be invoked similarly.

If you are using Qt plugins such as the svg or ico image handlers, you should also have a look at the Qt documentation about static plugins.

Qt 4 only: Sql drivers (-qt-sql-*) and image handlers for jpeg, tiff, gif and mng are built-in, not plugins.

### Step 5d: Cross compile your Project (Makefile)

If you have a handwritten Makefile, you probably will have to make a few adjustments to it:

    CC=$(CROSS)gcc
    LD=$(CROSS)ld
    AR=$(CROSS)ar
    PKG_CONFIG=$(CROSS)pkg-config

You may have to add a few others, depending on your project.

Then, all you have to do is:

    make CROSS=i686-w64-mingw32.static-

That's it!

### Step 5e: Cross compile your Project (OSG)

Using static OpenSceneGraph libraries requires a few changes to your source. The graphics subsystem and all plugins required by your application must be referenced explicitly. Use a code block like the following:

    #ifdef OSG_LIBRARY_STATIC
    USE_GRAPHICSWINDOW()
    USE_OSGPLUGIN(<plugin1>)
    USE_OSGPLUGIN(<plugin2>)
    ...
    #endif

Look at `examples/osgstaticviewer/osgstaticviewer.cpp` in the OpenSceneGraph source distribution for an example. This example can be compiled with the following command:

    i686-w64-mingw32.static-g++ \
        -o osgstaticviewer.exe examples/osgstaticviewer/osgstaticviewer.cpp \
        `i686-w64-mingw32.static-pkg-config --cflags openscenegraph-osgViewer openscenegraph-osgPlugins` \
        `i686-w64-mingw32.static-pkg-config --libs openscenegraph-osgViewer openscenegraph-osgPlugins`

The `i686-w64-mingw32.static-pkg-config` command from MXE will automatically add `-DOSG_LIBRARY_STATIC` to your compiler flags.

### Further Steps

If you need further assistance, feel free to join the mailing list where you'll get in touch with the MXE developers and other users.

## Download

To obtain the current version, run:

    git clone https://github.com/mxe/mxe.git

To retrieve updates, run:

    git pull

You can also browse the web repository.

In addition, feel free to join the mailing list and to propose new packages.

## Requirements

MXE requires a recent Unix system where all components as stated in the table below are installed. It also needs roughly 2 GiB of RAM to link gcc and at least 700 MB of disk space per target (counted with only gcc built).

Detailed instructions are available for:

- Debian/Ubuntu
- Fedora/Red Hat/CentOS
- FreeBSD
- Frugalware
- Gentoo
- Mac OS X
- openSUSE
- Void
- Windows Subsystem for Linux

Autoconf | ≥ 2.68
Automake | ≥ 1.11.3
Bash |
Bison |
Bzip2 |
Flex | ≥ 2.5.31
GCC (gcc, g++) |
gdk-pixbuf |
Git | ≥ 1.7
GNU Coreutils |
GNU Gettext |
GNU gperf |
GNU Make | ≥ 3.81
GNU Sed |
GNU Tar |
Intltool | ≥ 0.40
LibC for 32-bit |
Libtool | ≥ 2.2
Lzip |
OpenSSL-dev | ≥ 1.01
p7zip (7-Zip) |
Patch |
Perl |
Perl XML::Parser |
Python |
Ruby |
UnZip |
Wget |
XZ Utils |
zlib | ≥ 1.20

### Debian and derivatives

    apt-get install \
        autoconf \
        automake \
        autopoint \
        bash \
        bison \
        bzip2 \
        flex \
        g++ \
        g++-multilib \
        gettext \
        git \
        gperf \
        intltool \
        libc6-dev-i386 \
        libgdk-pixbuf2.0-dev \
        libltdl-dev \
        libssl-dev \
        libtool-bin \
        libxml-parser-perl \
        lzip \
        make \
        openssl \
        p7zip-full \
        patch \
        perl \
        python \
        ruby \
        sed \
        unzip \
        wget \
        xz-utils

On 32-bit installs,

        g++-multilib
        libc6-dev-i386

are not required, however there are potential issues with 32-bit systems.

Only the latest Debian stable series is supported.

You can install a precompiled MXE via Debian packages. See pkg.mxe.cc.

### Fedora/Red Hat/Centos

Ensure Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux (EPEL) is installed/available. On some systems, it may be as simple as:

    yum install epel-release

    yum install \
        autoconf \
        automake \
        bash \
        bison \
        bzip2 \
        flex \
        gcc-c++ \
        gdk-pixbuf2-devel \
        gettext \
        git \
        gperf \
        intltool \
        libtool \
        lzip \
        make \
        openssl-devel \
        p7zip \
        patch \
        perl \
        python \
        ruby \
        sed \
        unzip \
        wget \
        xz

On 64-bit Fedora, there are issues without a 32-bit compiler.

### FreeBSD

    pkg install \
        autoconf \
        automake \
        bash \
        bison \
        coreutils \
        flex \
        gcc \
        gdk-pixbuf2 \
        gettext \
        git \
        glib \
        gmake \
        gperf \
        gsed \
        intltool \
        libtool \
        openssl \
        p5-XML-Parser \
        p7zip \
        patch \
        perl5 \
        python \
        ruby \
        unzip \
        wget

Use gmake instead of make.

Install file(1) from ports, because file(1) from base works very-very-very slow with long text files.

Do not build as root. See #902.

Ensure that /usr/local/bin precedes /usr/bin in your $PATH:

For C style shells, edit .cshrc

    setenv PATH /usr/local/bin:$PATH

For Bourne shells, edit .profile

    export PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH

On 64-bit FreeBSD, there are issues without a 32-bit compiler.

N.B. FreeBSD is no longer fully supported

to build the remainder of MXE, run:

    gmake EXCLUDE_PKGS='gtksourceviewmm2 ocaml% openexr pcl qtbase'

to see a list of all dependent downstream packages that will be excluded, run:

    gmake show-downstream-deps-'gtksourceviewmm2 ocaml% openexr \
                                pcl qtbase'

### Frugalware

    pacman-g2 -S \
        autoconf \
        automake \
        bash \
        bison \
        bzip2 \
        flex \
        gcc \
        gdk-pixbuf2\
        gettext \
        git \
        gperf \
        intltool \
        libtool \
        lzip \
        make \
        openssl \
        patch \
        perl \
        perl-xml-parser \
        python \
        ruby \
        sed \
        unzip \
        wget \
        xz \
        xz-lzma

On 64-bit Frugalware, there are issues without a 32-bit compiler.

### Gentoo

    emerge \
        app-arch/bzip2 \
        app-arch/lzip \
        app-arch/p7zip \
        app-arch/unzip \
        app-arch/xz-utils \
        app-shells/bash \
        dev-lang/perl \
        dev-lang/python \
        dev-lang/ruby \
        dev-libs/openssl \
        dev-perl/XML-Parser \
        dev-util/gperf \
        dev-util/intltool \
        dev-vcs/git \
        net-misc/wget \
        sys-apps/sed \
        sys-devel/autoconf \
        sys-devel/automake \
        sys-devel/bison \
        sys-devel/flex \
        sys-devel/gcc \
        sys-devel/gettext \
        sys-devel/libtool \
        sys-devel/make \
        sys-devel/patch \
        x11-libs/gdk-pixbuf

### Mac OS X

Install the latest Xcode

##### MacPorts

Install MacPorts, then run:

    sudo port -N install \
        coreutils \
        gdk-pixbuf2 \
        gnutar \
        gsed \
        intltool \
        lzip \
        p7zip \
        wget \
        xz

##### Rudix

Rudix has shut down since August 2018

##### Homebrew

Install Homebrew, then run:

    brew install \
        autoconf \
        automake \
        coreutils \
        gdk-pixbuf \
        gnu-sed \
        gnu-tar \
        intltool \
        libtool \
        lzip \
        p7zip \
        wget \
        xz

You will see messages about `keg-only` formulae and tools prefixed with 'g' - you can safely ignore these and no homebrew related `$PATH` modifications or `brew link`s are necessary.

##### Genral Notes

You may be prompted to install a java runtime - this is not required.

Mac OS X versions ≤ 10.9 are no longer tested.

##### Certain packages have open issues on OS X

For Xcode <7.3, run:

    make EXCLUDE_PKGS='nsis'

### openSUSE

    zypper install -R \
        autoconf \
        automake \
        bash \
        bison \
        bzip2 \
        flex \
        gcc-32bit \
        gcc-c++ \
        gdk-pixbuf-devel \
        gettext-tools \
        git \
        glibc-devel-32bit \
        gperf \
        intltool \
        libgcc46-32bit \
        libgomp46-32bit \
        libopenssl-devel \
        libstdc++46-devel-32bit \
        libtool \
        lzip \
        make \
        openssl \
        p7zip \
        patch \
        perl \
        perl-XML-Parser \
        python \
        ruby \
        sed \
        unzip \
        wget \
        xz

On 32-bit installs,

        gcc-32bit
        glibc-devel-32bit
        libgcc46-32bit
        libgomp46-32bit
        libstdc++46-devel-32bit

are not required, however there are potential issues with 32-bit systems.

### Void

    xbps-install -S \
        autoconf \
        automake \
        flex \
        gcc \
        gdk-pixbuf-devel \
        gettext \
        gettext-devel \
        git \
        gperf \
        intltool \
        libcurl-devel \
        libtool \
        lzip \
        make \
        p7zip \
        patch \
        perl-XML-Parser \
        python \
        ruby \
        unzip \
        wget \
        xz

### Windows Subsystem for Linux

Requirements should match the Debian, Fedora, openSUSE etc. sections above, but care should be taken to ensure MXE is installed in the Linux subsystem under `/` instead of the mounted Windows folders in `/mnt`.

It can be made to work using symlinks and specifying:

    make MXE_TMP=/tmp/mxe-tmp ...

See further reading in:

- WSL FAQ file section
- MSDN Blog

### Issues with 32-bit systems

32-bit systems may have insufficient virtual memory to build all of MXE.

### Issues without a 32-bit compiler

Certain packages contain native tools that are currently 32-bit only. In order to build these on a 64-bit system, multi-lib support must be enabled in the compiler toolchain. However, not all operating systems support this.

To build the remainder of MXE, specify the affected packages to exclude:

    make EXCLUDE_PKGS='ocaml%'

## Usage

All build commands also download the packages if necessary.

In a BSD userland, substitute "make" with "gmake" as all commands are based on GNU Make.

make
  build all packages, non-parallel
make cc
  build a minimal useful set of packages, i.e. the cross compilers and the most basic packages, non-parallel
make foo bar
  build packages "foo", "bar" and their dependencies, non-parallel
  the package list can also be set in `settings.mk`

      LOCAL_PKG_LIST := foo bar
      .DEFAULT_GOAL  := local-pkg-list
      local-pkg-list: $(LOCAL_PKG_LIST)

  so a call to `make` will only build those packages (and their dependencies, of course)
make foo bar --touch
  mark packages "foo" and "bar" as up-to-date after a trivial change in one of their dependencies (short option "-t")
make foo bar --jobs=4 JOBS=2
  build packages "foo", "bar" and their dependencies, where up to 4 packages are built in parallel (short option "-j 4"), each with up to 2 compiler processes running in parallel
  the JOBS variable can also be defined in `settings.mk` and defaults to the number of CPUs up to a max of 6 to prevent runaway system load with diminishing returns - see the GNU Make manual for more details on parallel execution
make --jobs=4 --keep-going
  build all packages with 4 inter-package parallel jobs and continue as much as possible after an error (short option "-j 4 -k")
make foo bar MXE_USE_CCACHE=
  disables use of ccache to eliminate potential error sources when debugging
make EXCLUDE_PKGS='foo bar'
  build all packages excluding foo, bar, and all downstream packages that depend on them - mostly used when there are known issues
make foo_SOURCE_TREE=/path/to/local/source
  build using local source tree for package "foo", bypassing download, checksum and patching
  N.B. ensure "foo" has an out-of-source build configured to avoid generation of build artefacts in local tree
make check-requirements
  check most of the requirements if necessary – executed automatically before building packages
make download
  download all packages, non-parallel, such that subsequent builds work without internet access
make download-foo download-bar
  download packages "foo", "bar" and their dependencies, non-parallel
make download-foo download-bar -j 4
  download packages "foo", "bar" and their dependencies, where up to 4 packages are downloaded in parallel
make download-only-foo download-only-bar
  download packages "foo", "bar", without their dependencies, non-parallel
make clean
  remove all package builds – use with caution!
make clean-junk
  remove all unused files, including unused package files, temporary folders, and logs
make clean-pkg
  remove all unused package files, handy after a successful update
make show-deps-foo
  print a list of upstream dependencies and all downstream dependents (direct and recursive)
make show-downstream-deps-foo
  print a list of all recursive downstream dependents - suitable for use in shell scripts
make show-direct-downstream-deps-foo
  print a list of direct downstream dependents - suitable for use in shell scripts
make show-upstream-deps-foo
  print a list of upstream dependencies - suitable for use in shell scripts
make docs/build-matrix.html
  generate a report of what packages are supported on what targets to docs/build-matrix.html
make update
  update the version numbers of all packages, download the new versions and note their checksums
make update UPDATE_DRYRUN=true
  show list of update candidates without downloading
make update-package-foo
  update the version numbers of package foo, download the new version and note its checksum
make check-update-package-foo
  check if package foo has an update available without downloading
make update-checksum-foo
  download package foo and update its checksum
make cleanup-style
  cleanup coding style

## List of Packages

See something missing? Feel free to create a new package.

Loading package list...

## Guidelines for Creating Packages

1. The package should be a free software library that is really used by one of your applications. Please also review our legal notes.

   BTW, we're always curious about the applications people are porting. We maintain a list of projects which use MXE. No matter whether your project is free or proprietary – as long as it has its own website, we'd be happy to link to it.

   Also, feel free to link to us. :-)

2. Grep through the `src/*.mk` files to find a project that is most similar to yours. (Really, `grep` is your friend here.)

   For instance, when adding a GNU library, you should take a package like gettext.mk or libiconv.mk as the base of your work. When using a SourceForge project, you could start with a copy of xmlwrapp.mk. And so on.

   GitHub hosted projects can automatically configure updates, urls, file names etc. by setting `$(PKG)_GH_CONF` instead of `$(PKG)_FILE, $(PKG)_SUBDIR, $(PKG)_URL, and $(PKG)_UPDATE` sections.

   To track releases set:

       $(PKG)_GH_CONF  := owner/repo/releases[/latest][, tag prefix, tag suffix, tag filter-out, version separator]

   Releases may require setting _FILE, _SUBDIR, _URL, depending on the naming convention used by the project for tarballs.

   To track tags set:

       $(PKG)_GH_CONF  := owner/repo/tags[, tag prefix, tag suffix, tag filter-out, version separator]

   To track branches, set:

       $(PKG)_GH_CONF  := owner/repo/branches/<branch name>

   See the following packages for examples:

   - gc.mk for release tracking with non-standard file name
   - yaml-cpp.mk for release tracking with standard file name
   - vmime.mk for branch tracking
   - libevent.mk for tag tracking
   - libffi.mk for externally hosted tarballs with generated sources not present in source tree

   The GNU Make Standard Library is also available (though it should be unnecessary for most packages).

   Alternatively you can use tool `tools/skeleton.py` to create a skeleton of new MXE package. It fills most of the fields of `.mk` file automatically and supports typical build scenarios through option `--builder`. It also adds a package to the list of packages (see below).

3. Adjust the comments, fill in the `$(PKG)_*` fields.

   To fill the `$(PKG)_CHECKSUM` field, use a command such as (for file gettext.mk):

       make update-checksum-gettext

   or:

       openssl sha256 pkg/gettext-x.y.z.tar.gz

   if you have already downloaded the package.

   Be especially careful with the `$(PKG)_DEPS` section. The easiest way to get the dependencies right is to start with a minimal setup. That is, initialize MXE with `make cc` only, then check whether your package builds successfully.

   Always list the dependency on `cc` explicitly:

       $(PKG)_DEPS     := cc ...

   Specify official name and website of a package. If the official name coincides with the package name, you can omit `$(PKG)_DESCR`.

       PKG             := libdvdetect
       $(PKG)_WEBSITE  := https://www.dvdetect.de/
       $(PKG)_DESCR    := Fast database lookup for DVDs

   Always look for the SSL version of URLs, that is, prefer `https://` URLs over `http://` URLs.

4. Write your `$(PKG)_BUILD`. If your library has a `./configure` script, enable/disable all dependency libraries explicitly via "`--enable-*`" and "`--disable-*`" options.

   Things not to do:

   - do not run target executables with Wine, as Wine is not guaranteed to be installed. Instead build the needed tool natively or (if it is too huge to build one more time) add to MXE's dependencies. This policy is forced by setting WINEPREFIX to an empty directory, which breaks Wine;
   - do not download anything while building, as all files downloaded should be verified by checksums. Instead create a package which installs the needed file. This policy is forced on Linux by LD_PRELOAD trick, breaking network functions.

   Useful Makefile variables provided by MXE:

   - `$(SOURCE_DIR)` is a directory with package source and `$(BUILD_DIR)` is an empty directory intended for build files. Both directories are temporary. Prefer out-of-tree builds. Autotools and CMake support them.

   - `$(PREFIX)` is path to `usr/` directory. `$(TOP_DIR)` is path to MXE root directory. `$(TARGET)` is target triplet (e.g., `i686-w64-mingw32.static`). `$(BUILD)` is build triplet (e.g., `x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu`).

   - `$(MXE_CONFIGURE_OPTS)` adds standard options to `./configure` script. Typical usage:

         cd '$(BUILD_DIR)' && '$(SOURCE_DIR)'/configure \
             $(MXE_CONFIGURE_OPTS)

   - `$(MXE_DISABLE_CRUFT)` disables installation of documentation and programs.

         $(MAKE) -C '$(BUILD_DIR)' -j '$(JOBS)' $(MXE_DISABLE_CRUFT)
         $(MAKE) -C '$(BUILD_DIR)' -j 1 install $(MXE_DISABLE_CRUFT)

   - `$(BUILD_SHARED)` is TRUE for shared targets. Useful to add flags applicable only to shared targets.

         $(if $(BUILD_SHARED),LDFLAGS=-no-undefined)

     Similarly, `$(BUILD_STATIC)` is TRUE for static targets; `$(BUILD_NATIVE)` is TRUE for native targets; `$(BUILD_CROSS)` is TRUE for cross targets.

5. You might also have to provide a patch for it. In that case, have a look at other patches such as sdl2-2-libtool.patch. In particular, each patch file should be named as:

       PACKAGE-PATCHNUMBER-DESCRIPTION.patch

   and should start with:

       This file is part of MXE. See LICENSE.md for licensing information.

       This patch has been taken from:
       https://...

   where the URL points to the bugtracker entry, mailing list entry or website you took the patch from.

   If you created the patch yourself, please offer it to the upstream project first, and point to that URL, using the same wording: "This patch has been taken from:".

   Depending on the feedback you get from the upstream project, you might want to improve your patch.

6. If you find some time, please provide a minimal test program for it. It should be simple, stand alone and should work unmodified for many (all?) future versions of the library. Test programs are named as:

       PACKAGE-test.c

   or

       PACKAGE-test.cpp

   depending on whether it is a C or C++ library. To get a clue, please have a look at existing test programs such as sdl-test.c.

   At the very end of your `*.mk` file you should build the test program in a generic way, using strict compiler flags. The last few lines of sdl.mk will give you a clue.

7. You could also try to provide a `$(PKG)_UPDATE` section. However, that requires some experience and "feeling" for it. So it is perfectly okay if you leave a placeholder:

       define $(PKG)_UPDATE
           echo 'TODO: write update script for $(PKG).' >&2;
           echo $($(PKG)_VERSION)
       endef

   We'll fill that in for you. It's a funny exercise.

8. Check that you don't have "dirty stuff" in your `*.mk` files, such as TAB characters or trailing spaces at lines endings. Run:

       make cleanup-style

   to remove these. Have a look at random `*.mk` files to get a feeling for the coding style.

   The same holds for your test program.

   However, patch files should always appear in the same coding style as the files they are patching.

   When patching sources with crlf line endings, the patch file itself should also have the same eol style. Use the convention of naming the file as `*crlf.patch` to instruct git not to normalise the line endings (defined in `.gitattributes`).

   Finally, in your `$(PKG)_BUILD` section, please check that you use our portability variables:

   `bash` | → | `$(SHELL)`
   `date` | → | `$(DATE)`
   `install` | → | `$(INSTALL)`
   `libtool` | → | `$(LIBTOOL)`
   `libtoolize` | → | `$(LIBTOOLIZE)`
   `make` | → | `$(MAKE)`
   `patch` | → | `$(PATCH)`
   `sed` | → | `$(SED)`
   `sort` | → | `$(SORT)`
   `wget` | → | `$(WGET)`

9. Check whether everything runs fine. If you have some trouble, don't hesitate to ask on the mailing list, providing your `*.mk` file so far.

10. Issue a pull request to propose your final `*.mk` file to us. If you have trouble with pull requests, send your file to the mailing list instead.

    Either way, don't forget to tell us if there are some pieces in your `*.mk` file you feel unsure about. We'll then have a specific look at those parts, which avoids trouble for you and us in the future.

## Copyright © 2007–2019

- Volker Diels-Grabsch
- Mark Brand
- Tony Theodore
- Martin Gerhardy
- Tiancheng "Timothy" Gu
- Boris Nagaev
- ... and many other contributors

(contact via the project mailing list)

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

## Legal

### Disclaimer - it's all code...

Modern legal systems are like any other large, complex, and evolving body of code you're likely to encounter.

They have their own language with quirky parsers, compilers, and interpreters (though these tend to be human). Their issue trackers are a backlog of court cases. They have bugs. They have traps for the uninitiated that may potentially do more than waste your time.

We currently limit ourselves to:

    --enable-languages='c,c++,objc,fortran'

so nothing mentioned here or on the mailing list should be taken as legal advice. :-)

### Choosing the right compiler

The best starting point for any legal questions would be the

FTF (Freedom Task Force of the FSFE (Free Software Foundation Europe)).

They have been very helpful in the past, and maintain an extensive network of legal contacts, both within and outside Europe.

Your local jurisdiction may be a signatory to various international agreements, so be sure to mention where you are in any correspondence (much like any detailed bug report really).

Additionally, you should also do some background reading from the FSF (Free Software Foundation) and Wikipedia to familiarise yourself with some of the potential issues (and experience some context-switching overhead).

### Contributions

Contributions are always welcome!

Ownership of all contributions (bug fixes, new packages, doc updates, etc.) remain with the author. All we require is a real name (no l33t handles, please), and that you release your work under our licence.

If you prefer not to be credited with a contribution, please notify the committer.

### Package Licences

Each package is individually licensed under terms specified by the authors of that package. Please see the respective source tarball and/or project website for details.

Packages that are non-free or ambiguous will be removed or rejected.

The definition of free must be one of:

- The Free Software Definition
- The Debian Free Software Guidelines (DFSG)
- The Open Source Definition

Please contact the mailing list if you notice a package that doesn't meet these guidlines.

### Other Considerations

In addition to the usual considerations (copyrights, patents, trademarks, export regulations etc.), building statically linked libraries for Windows exposes some edge cases that you may not have encountered before.

According to freedom 0 and our own licence, you can use mxe in countless different environments, each with it's own special legal considerations. The configuration options of certain packages (e.g ffmpeg) allow the use of non-free software and/or combinations that cause license violations.

For these packages, we will provide sensible defaults aimed at achieving the following goals:

1. avoid causing inherent licensing issues with conflicting options
2. make the package as feature complete as possible

Note that this does not prevent downstream violations, or affect any further obligations a licence may impose on you.

### Potential Issues - Non Exhaustive List

#### GNU Licenses

Review the FAQ

#### LGPL and Static Linking

Review the Differences from the GPL section of the Wikipedia article mentioned above.

#### GPL and OpenSSL

See conflicting accounts from the FSF and the OpenSSL project.

Since August 2015, there is an ongoing effort to re-license to Apache v2.

#### FDK AAC and GPL

The FDK license has a "no charging fees" clause that likely violates the GPL.

## History

2015-05-04 – Retired the stable branch

  The stable branch was retired as it did more harm than good. Everybody is using the master branch, because it is always recent and well enough tested. For historical reference, the last commit to the stable branch was 0c6cc9c, which was fully merged into master as usual.

  Added support for shared toolchains for over 50% of all the packages.

  Unfortunately, a number of factors have forced us to drop support for MinGW 3 (i.e. "MinGW.org"), in favor of the MinGW-w64 toolchain. This decision was made in a large part because of the dropping of support for MinGW by GLib and Qt5, which arguably are two of the most important packages in MXE. Other considerations have also been taken, like the lack of maintainership in MinGW and potential legal challenges that comes with using supplemental DirectX headers in MinGW in order to support Qt4. Worse yet, having to support the unsupported MinGW toolchain impedes adding or updating packages, as shown in the pull request of updating GLib.

  Please note that dropping support for MinGW DOES NOT MEAN dropping support for the 32-bit architecture. MinGW-w64 also supports 32-bit target through i686-w64-mingw32.

  To ease migration to the supported MinGW-w64 target, we have finished porting all packages that were MinGW-only to at least i686-w64-mingw32 (32-bit target of MinGW-w64). Hence your existing commands should work out-of-the-box assuming the `MXE_TARGETS` environment variable is set correctly.

2013-07-27 – Release 2.23

  The stable branch was updated to the current development version after a thorough testing phase.

  Current users are strongly encouraged to start with a clean tree as the toolchain has been updated and requires a full rebuild:

      git pull && make clean && make

  Most packages were updated to their latest version.

  Many new packages are supported: alure, apr-util, apr, armadillo, cegui, cfitsio, cminpack, flann, gtkglarea, gtkimageview, harfbuzz, hdf4, hdf5, hunspell, icu4c, itk, lensfun, levmar, libf2c, libftdi, libgda, libgdamm, libglade, liblqr-1, libmodplug, librtmp, libzip, log4cxx, mdbtools, ncurses, netcdf, netpbm, ocaml-cairo, ocaml-camlimages, ocaml-core, ocaml-findlib, ocaml-flexdll, ocaml-lablgl, ocaml-lablgtk2, ocaml-native, ocaml-xml-light, opencv, opus, opusfile, pcl, picomodel, plib, plibc, poppler, portablexdr, portmidi, protobuf, qdbm, qt5, qtactiveqt, qtbase, qtdeclarative, qtgraphicaleffects, qtimageformats, qtjsbackend, qtmultimedia, qtquick1, qtquickcontrols, qtscript, qtsensors, qtserialport, qtsvg, qttools, qttranslations, qtxmlpatterns, qwt, sdl_gfx, sfml, sox, teem, twolame, vtk6, wavpack, wget, winpthreads, xapian-core, yasm

  Added support for mingw-w64 based toolchains targeting 32 & 64-bit architectures.

  With the addition of Qt5, there is no longer a prefixed version of qmake, see the Qt section of the tutorial for the new way to invoke qmake.

  FreeBSD is no longer fully supported. Qt5, ocaml*, and 8 other packages are excluded from the build.

2012-04-12 – Release 2.22

  The release tarballs have been replaced with a stable branch that conforms to the new branch concept:

  - Any change of a build script goes into "master".
  - Any package upgrade goes into "master".
  - Any documentation upgrade that refers to a feature not present in stable goes into "master".
  - Anything else that doesn't affect the build goes into "stable".
  - Any non-critical improvement to the main Makefile goes into "stable".
  - Any improvement in the package download URLs or package version recognition goes into "stable".
  - When in doubt, "master" is used rather than "stable".
  - Every change to the "stable" branch will be merged into "master".
  - After a successful testing phase, the "stable" branch will be fast-forwarded to "master".

  The project has been renamed from mingw-cross-env (MinGW cross compiling environment) to MXE (M cross environment).

  Most packages were updated to their latest version.

  New packages are supported: agg, cgal, eigen, file, gta, json-c, libgnurx, libharu, libircclient, libssh2, libxml++, llvm, lzo, mpfr, nettle, opencsg, qjson, qwtplot3d, vtk, and wt.

2011-06-07 – Release 2.21

  Download | Changelog

  Minor bugfixes in several packages.

  Almost all packages are updated to their latest version.

  Packages gtkmm and gtksourceviewmm have been renamed to gtkmm2 and gtksourceviewmm2.

  New packages are supported: libass, poco, and t4k_common.

2011-04-05 – Release 2.20

  Download | Changelog

  This release fixes a download error caused by the pixman project (a sudden change of their URL scheme without proper redirects). That sort of thing should never happen!

2011-03-19 – Release 2.19

  Download | Changelog

  The download mechanisms are improved.

  A CMake toolchain file is provided to simplify cross-compiling projects which use CMake.

  Support for Debian/Lenny is dropped.

  Package gtk is renamed to gtk2.

  Almost all packages are updated to their latest version.

  New packages are supported: dbus, graphicsmagick, libical, liboauth, physfs, and vigra.

  Note for `boost::filesystem` users: Version 3 is a major revision and now the default in 1.46.

2010-12-15 – Release 2.18

  Download | Changelog

  This release fixes a checksum error caused by the atkmm project (a sudden change of their current source tarball). That sort of thing should never happen!

2010-12-11 – Release 2.17

  Download | Changelog

  This release provides some improvements of the build system such as an automatic check for most of the requirements.

  All packages are updated to their latest version.

  New packages are supported: bfd, blas, cblas, dcmtk, ftgl, lapack, lcms1, mingw-utils, mxml, suitesparse and tinyxml.

2010-10-27 – Release 2.16

  Download | Changelog

  This release provides lots of improvements to the build system as well as the documentation.

  Support for OpenSolaris is dropped.

  Almost all packages are updated to their latest version.

  Many new packages are supported: atkmm, cairomm, cunit, faac, faad2, ffmpeg, gdk-pixbuf, glibmm, gtkglextmm, gtkmm, gtksourceview, gtksourceviewmm, imagemagick, lame, libiberty, libsigc++, libvpx, matio, openal, opencore-amr, pangomm, pfstools, plotmm, sdl_sound and x264.

2010-06-16 – Release 2.15

  Download | Changelog

  This release fixes download errors caused by the Qt project (a sudden change of their current source tarball).

  Almost all packages are updated to their latest version.

2010-06-08 – Release 2.14

  Download | Changelog

  This release fixes download errors caused by the MinGW project (a sudden change of their URL scheme without proper redirects). That sort of thing should never happen!

  Almost all packages are updated to their latest version.

  New packages are supported: libarchive, libgee and xvidcore.

2010-05-31 – Release 2.13

  Download | Changelog

  This release switches back from TDM to the official GCC, thus supporting the current GCC 4.5.

  The set of DirectX headers is improved and more complete.

  The deadlock issues with Pthreads-w32 are fixed.

  A static build of GDB is provided, i.e. a standalone "gdb.exe" that doesn't require any extra DLLs.

  More packages are backed by test programs.

  Many "sed hacks" are replaced by proper portability patches.

  Almost all packages are updated to their latest version.

  Many new packages are supported: fribidi, gc, gdb, gmp, gsl, gst-plugins-base, gst-plugins-good, gstreamer, gtkglext, guile, libcroco, libffi, liboil, libpaper, libshout, libunistring and xine-lib.

2010-02-21 – Release 2.12

  Download | Changelog

  This release fixes some minor build issues, and contains a first small set of test programs to check the package builds.

  The build rules are simplified by calling generators like Autotools and Flex, instead of patching the generated files.

  Almost all packages are updated to their latest version.

  Many new packages are supported: aubio, devil, directx, exiv2, fftw, freeimage, gsoap, id3lib, liblo, libpano13, librsvg, libsamplerate, muparser, openscenegraph, portaudio and sdl_pango.

2010-02-20 – Release 2.11

  Download | Changelog

  This release contains a packaging bug. Please use release 2.12 instead.

2009-12-23 – Release 2.10

  Download | Changelog

  This release adds support for many new packages: flac, libmad, libsndfile, sdl_net, speex, postgresql, freetds, openssl, plotutils, taglib, lcms, freeglut, xerces and zziplib.

  Almost all packages are updated to their latest version.

  In addition to the libraries some command line tools such as psql.exe are built, too.

  The placements of logfiles, as well as many other build details, have been improved.

2009-10-24 – Release 2.9

  Download | Changelog

  This release adds support for Qt, VMime and libmng.

  The target triplet is updated to i686-pc-mingw32.

  OpenMP support is enabled in GCC.

  Almost all packages are updated to their latest version.

2009-09-11 – Release 2.8

  Download | Changelog

  This release comes with a better look & feel by providing a highlevel overview of the build process.

  The detailed build messages are stored into separate log files for each package, so parallel builds don't intermix them anymore.

  The download URLs of SourceForge packages are adjusted to ensure that the selected SourceForge mirror is really used and not circumvalented via HTTP redirects to other mirrors.

  Almost all packages are updated to their latest version.

  The whole mingw-cross-env project has moved to Savannah. So all URIs have changed, but the old URIs redirect to the new locations seamlessly.

  Everyone is invited to join the freshly created project mailing list.

2009-08-11 – Release 2.7

  Download | Changelog

  This release provides an improved version recognition for SourceForge packages. SourceForge changed their page layout in a way that makes it much harder to identify the current version of a package.

  Additionally, almost all packages are updated to their latest version.

2009-06-19 – Release 2.6

  Download | Changelog

  This release contains some portability fixes which allow it to run on a wider range of systems such as Frugalware.

  The documentation and website are completely revised.

  New packages such as CppUnit, libUsb, NSIS, Popt, SQLite and Theora are supported.

  Almost all packages are updated to their latest version.

  A new command "make download" is implemented.

2009-04-06 – Release 2.5

  Download | Changelog

  This release fixes a download error caused by the MinGW project. They suddenly changed the names of their source tarballs. That sort of thing should never happen!

  This release also contains some bugfixes which allow it to run on a wider range of systems.

  All downloaded files are now verified by their SHA-1 checksums.

  New versions of various packages are supported.

2009-03-08 – Release 2.4

  Download | Changelog

  This release provides many new libraries such as wxWidgets, GTK+ and OpenEXR.

  In addition, new versions of various packages are supported.

2009-02-09 – Release 2.3

  Download | Changelog

  This release fixes some serious build problems on FreeBSD and MacOS-X.

  The Makefile has a new target "clean-pkg" and allows to be called from a separate build directory via "make -f .../Makefile".

  Some new versions of the packages are supported, especially GCC-4.3 by switching from MinGW GCC to TDM-GCC.

2009-01-31 – Release 2.2

  Download | Changelog

  This release fixes some minor build problems.

  It also supports some new packages and some newer versions of the already supported packages.

  Parallelization is now disabled by default.

2008-12-13 – Release 2.1

  Download | Changelog

  This release fixes a download error caused by the GDAL project. They suddenly changed their download URLs. That sort of thing should never happen!

  In addition, some newer versions of various packages are supported.

  There is also a small compatibility fix for OS X.

2008-11-10 – Release 2.0

  Download | Changelog

  The shell script has been rewritten as Makefile and supports partial builds and parallel builds.

  As usual, this release also supports some new packages and some newer versions of the already supported packages.

2008-01-11 – Release 1.4

  Download | Changelog

  This release now includes a tutorial by Hans Bezemer and has improved compile options of FLTK. As usual, it supports some newer versions of the libraries.

  At the request of its author, libowfat is no longer supported from this release on.

  The script now uses a specific SourceForge mirror instead of randomly chosen ones, because the download phase often stumbled on some very slow mirrors.

2007-12-23 – Release 1.3

  Download | Changelog

  A sudden change in the download URLs of GEOS made the automatic download fail. Such changes should never happen! But it happened, and this quick release is an attempt to limit the damage.

  This release also supports some newer versions of the libraries including support for fontconfig-2.5.0.

2007-12-13 – Release 1.2

  Download | Changelog

  This release is a switch from gcc-3 to gcc-4. It also supports a new library and some newer versions of the already supported libraries.

2007-07-24 – Release 1.1

  Download | Changelog

  This release is the result of the public attention the release 1.0 got. It contains many improvements suggested by its first users, and adds support for many new libraries.

  Thanks to Rocco Rutte who contributed many code snippets.

2007-06-19 – Release 1.0

  Download | Changelog

  This first release has been created in a 7-day-sprint.

2007-06-12 – Project start

## See also

### This project

- Website
- Project on GitHub
- Binary distribution of packages
- Entry on Open Hub
- Entry on Savannah
- First release announcement and the discussion around it

### Related articles

- Cross-compiling Krita using MXE
  Experience report of the Krita project
- Cross compilers, the new wave
  Appeared on LXer and Linux Today
- MinGW cross compiler for Linux build environment
  Official tutorial of the MinGW project
- Cross-compiling under Linux for MS Windows
  Old tutorial provided by the wxWidgets project

### Related projects

- Arch Linux mingw-w64 packages
  Win32 cross compiling packages by Arch Linux
- Debian mingw32 package
  Bare win32 cross compiler
- Fedora MinGW packages
  Win32 cross compiling packages by Fedora
- MSYS2
  Win32/64 ports of many free software packages
- GnuWin32
  Win32 ports of many free software packages
- IMCROSS
  Another project with similar goal
- MinGW cross-compiler build script
  Old script provided by the SDL project
- mxe-octave
  Fork of MXE specialized on building GNU Octave
- openSUSE MinGW packages
  Win32 cross compiling packages by openSUSE
- Win-builds
  Creates binary packages, runs on both Linux and Windows

## Projects which use MXE (alphabetical order)

- Aorta
- Battleship game
- Bino
- BioSig
- Cataclysm: Dark Days Ahead
- cvtool
- DiffPDF
- digiKam
- Domino-Chain
- Dust Racing 2D
- EiskaltDC++
- Emu64
- Eros
- Galois
- GCompris
- Generic Tagged Arrays
- GNU FreeDink
- Heimer
- Hugor
- Krita
- Lightspark
- Marathon Aleph One
- Mechanized Assault and eXploration Reloaded
- MKVToolNix
- mpop
- msmtp
- OpenSCAD
- Pdfgrep
- PokerTH
- Psi+
- QElectroTech
- QTads
- ScummVM
- Sibuserv
- sigrok
- Spek
- Spring RTS
- Strawberry Music Player
- Subsurface
- Taisei Project
- The 4tH Compiler
- TeXworks
- Tower Toppler
- Tux Typing
- Tux Math
- Ube
- UFO: Alien Invasion
- VCMI Engine
- Violetland
- Warzone 2100
- wkhtmltopdf
- xfemm