426 lines
12 KiB
HTML
426 lines
12 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
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<title>Compilation and Installation using Meson</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="mesa.css">
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</head>
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<body>
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<div class="header">
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<h1>The Mesa 3D Graphics Library</h1>
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</div>
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<iframe src="contents.html"></iframe>
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<div class="content">
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<h1>Compilation and Installation using Meson</h1>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#intro">Introduction</a></li>
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<li><a href="#basic">Basic Usage</a></li>
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<li><a href="#advanced">Advanced Usage</a></li>
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<li><a href="#cross-compilation">Cross-compilation and 32-bit builds</a></li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="intro">1. Introduction</h2>
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<p>For general information about Meson see the
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<a href="http://mesonbuild.com/">Meson website</a>.</p>
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<p><strong>Mesa's Meson build system is generally considered stable and ready
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for production.</strong></p>
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<p>The Meson build of Mesa is tested on Linux, macOS, Cygwin and Haiku, FreeBSD,
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DragonflyBSD, NetBSD, and should work on OpenBSD.</p>
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<p>If Meson is not already installed on your system, you can typically
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install it with your package installer. For example:</p>
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<pre>
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sudo apt-get install meson # Ubuntu
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</pre>
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or
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<pre>
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sudo dnf install meson # Fedora
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</pre>
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<p><strong>Mesa requires Meson >= 0.45.0 to build.</strong>
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Some older versions of meson do not check that they are too old and will error
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out in odd ways.
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</p>
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<p>You'll also need <a href="https://ninja-build.org/">Ninja</a>.
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If it's not already installed, use apt-get or dnf to install
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the <em>ninja-build</em> package.
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</p>
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<h2 id="basic">2. Basic Usage</h2>
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<p>
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The meson program is used to configure the source directory and generates
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either a ninja build file or Visual Studio® build files. The latter must
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be enabled via the <code>--backend</code> switch, as ninja is the default
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backend on all
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operating systems.
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</p>
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<p>
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Meson only supports out-of-tree builds, and must be passed a
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directory to put built and generated sources into. We'll call that directory
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"build" here.
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It's recommended to create a
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<a href="http://mesonbuild.com/Using-multiple-build-directories.html">
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separate build directory</a> for each configuration you might want to use.
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</p>
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</p>
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<p>Basic configuration is done with:</p>
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<pre>
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meson build/
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</pre>
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<p>
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This will create the build directory.
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If any dependencies are missing, you can install them, or try to remove
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the dependency with a Meson configuration option (see below).
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</p>
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<p>
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To review the options which Meson chose, run:
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</p>
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<pre>
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meson configure build/
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</pre>
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<p>
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Meson does not currently support listing configuration options before
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running "meson build/" but this feature is being discussed upstream.
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For now, we have a <code>bin/meson-options.py</code> script that prints
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the options for you.
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If that script doesn't work for some reason, you can always look in the
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<a href="https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/mesa/mesa/blob/master/meson_options.txt">
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meson_options.txt</a> file at the root of the project.
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</p>
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<p>
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With additional arguments <code>meson configure</code> can be used to change
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options for a previously configured build directory.
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All options passed to this command are in the form
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<code>-D "option"="value"</code>.
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For example:
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</p>
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<pre>
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meson configure build/ -Dprefix=/tmp/install -Dglx=true
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</pre>
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<p>
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Note that options taking lists (such as <code>platforms</code>) are
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<a href="http://mesonbuild.com/Build-options.html#using-build-options">a bit
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more complicated</a>, but the simplest form compatible with Mesa options
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is to use a comma to separate values (<code>-D platforms=drm,wayland</code>)
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and brackets to represent an empty list (<code>-D platforms=[]</code>).
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</p>
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<p>
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Once you've run the initial <code>meson</code> command successfully you can use
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your configured backend to build the project in your build directory:
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</p>
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<pre>
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ninja -C build/
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</pre>
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<p>
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The next step is to install the Mesa libraries, drivers, etc.
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This also finishes up some final steps of the build process (such as creating
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symbolic links for drivers). To install:
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</p>
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<pre>
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ninja -C build/ install
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</pre>
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<p>
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Note: autotools automatically updates translation files (used by the DRI
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configuration tool) as part of the build process,
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Meson does not do this. Instead, you will need do this:
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</p>
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<pre>
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ninja -C build/ xmlpool-pot xmlpool-update-po xmlpool-gmo
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</pre>
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<h2 id="advanced">3. Advanced Usage</h2>
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<dl>
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<dt>Installation Location</dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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Meson default to installing libGL.so in your system's main lib/ directory
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and DRI drivers to a dri/ subdirectory.
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</p>
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<p>
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Developers will often want to install Mesa to a testing directory rather
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than the system library directory.
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This can be done with the --prefix option. For example:
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</p>
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<pre>
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meson --prefix="${PWD}/build/install" build/
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</pre>
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<p>
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will put the final libraries and drivers into the build/install/
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directory.
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Then you can set LD_LIBRARY_PATH and LIBGL_DRIVERS_PATH to that location
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to run/test the driver.
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</p>
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<p>
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Meson also honors <code>DESTDIR</code> for installs.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>Compiler Options</dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Meson supports the common CFLAGS, CXXFLAGS, etc. environment
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variables but their use is discouraged because of the many caveats
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in using them.
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</p>
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<p>Instead, it is recomended to use <code>-D${lang}_args</code> and
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<code>-D${lang}_link_args</code>. Among the benefits of these options
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is that they are guaranteed to persist across rebuilds and reconfigurations.
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</p>
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This example sets -fmax-errors for compiling C sources and -DMAGIC=123
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for C++ sources:
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</p>
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<p>
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<pre>
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meson builddir/ -Dc_args=-fmax-errors=10 -Dcpp_args=-DMAGIC=123
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</pre>
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>Compiler Specification</dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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Meson supports the standard CC and CXX environment variables for
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changing the default compiler. Note that Meson does not allow
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changing the compilers in a configured builddir so you will need
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to create a new build dir for a different compiler.
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</p>
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<p>
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This is an example of specifying the clang compilers and cleaning
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the build directory before reconfiguring with an extra C option:
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</p>
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<pre>
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CC=clang CXX=clang++ meson build-clang
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ninja -C build-clang
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ninja -C build-clang clean
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meson configure build -Dc_args="-Wno-typedef-redefinition"
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ninja -C build-clang
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</pre>
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<p>
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The default compilers depends on your operating system. Meson supports most of
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the popular compilers, a complete list is available
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<a href="http://mesonbuild.com/Reference-tables.html#compiler-ids">here</a>.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>LLVM</dt>
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<dd><p>Meson includes upstream logic to wrap llvm-config using its standard
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dependency interface.
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</p></dd>
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<dd><p>
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As of meson 0.49.0 meson also has the concept of a
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<a href="https://mesonbuild.com/Native-environments.html">"native file"</a>,
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these files provide information about the native build environment (as opposed
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to a cross build environment). They are ini formatted and can override where to
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find llvm-config:
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custom-llvm.ini
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<pre>
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[binaries]
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llvm-config = '/usr/local/bin/llvm/llvm-config'
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</pre>
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Then configure meson:
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<pre>
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meson builddir/ --native-file custom-llvm.ini
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</pre>
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</p></dd>
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<dd><p>
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For selecting llvm-config for cross compiling a
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<a href="https://mesonbuild.com/Cross-compilation.html#defining-the-environment">"cross file"</a>
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should be used. It uses the same format as the native file above:
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cross-llvm.ini
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<pre>
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[binaries]
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...
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llvm-config = '/usr/lib/llvm-config-32'
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</pre>
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Then configure meson:
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<pre>
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meson builddir/ --cross-file cross-llvm.ini
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</pre>
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See the <a href="#cross-compilation">Cross Compilation</a> section for more information.
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</dd></p>
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<dd><p>
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For older versions of meson <code>$PATH</code> (or <code>%PATH%</code> on
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windows) will be searched for llvm-config (and llvm-config$version and
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llvm-config-$version), you can override this environment variable to control
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the search: <code>PATH=/path/with/llvm-config:$PATH meson build</code>.
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</dd></p>
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</dl>
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<dl>
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<dt><code>PKG_CONFIG_PATH</code></dt>
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<dd><p>The
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<code>pkg-config</code> utility is a hard requirement for configuring and
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building Mesa on Unix-like systems. It is used to search for external libraries
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on the system. This environment variable is used to control the search path for
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<code>pkg-config</code>. For instance, setting
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<code>PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/X11R6/lib/pkgconfig</code> will search for package
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metadata in <code>/usr/X11R6</code> before the standard directories.</p>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<p>
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One of the oddities of meson is that some options are different when passed to
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the <code>meson</code> than to <code>meson configure</code>. These options are
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passed as --option=foo to <code>meson</code>, but -Doption=foo to <code>meson
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configure</code>. Mesa defined options are always passed as -Doption=foo.
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</p>
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<p>For those coming from autotools be aware of the following:</p>
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<dl>
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<dt><code>--buildtype/-Dbuildtype</code></dt>
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<dd><p>This option will set the compiler debug/optimisation levels to aid
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debugging the Mesa libraries.</p>
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<p>Note that in meson this defaults to <code>debugoptimized</code>, and
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not setting it to <code>release</code> will yield non-optimal
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performance and binary size. Not using <code>debug</code> may interfere
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with debugging as some code and validation will be optimized away.
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</p>
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<p> For those wishing to pass their own optimization flags, use the <code>plain</code>
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buildtype, which causes meson to inject no additional compiler arguments, only
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those in the C/CXXFLAGS and those that mesa itself defines.</p>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<dl>
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<dt><code>-Db_ndebug</code></dt>
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<dd><p>This option controls assertions in meson projects. When set to <code>false</code>
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(the default) assertions are enabled, when set to true they are disabled. This
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is unrelated to the <code>buildtype</code>; setting the latter to
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<code>release</code> will not turn off assertions.
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</p>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<h2 id="cross-compilation">4. Cross-compilation and 32-bit builds</h2>
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<p><a href="https://mesonbuild.com/Cross-compilation.html">Meson supports
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cross-compilation</a> by specifying a number of binary paths and
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settings in a file and passing this file to <code>meson</code> or
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<code>meson configure</code> with the <code>--cross-file</code>
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parameter.</p>
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<p>This file can live at any location, but you can use the bare filename
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(without the folder path) if you put it in $XDG_DATA_HOME/meson/cross or
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~/.local/share/meson/cross</p>
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<p>Below are a few example of cross files, but keep in mind that you
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will likely have to alter them for your system.</p>
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<p>
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Those running on ArchLinux can use the AUR-maintained packages for some
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of those, as they'll have the right values for your system:
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<ul>
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<li><a href="https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/meson-cross-x86-linux-gnu">meson-cross-x86-linux-gnu</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/meson-cross-aarch64-linux-gnu">meson-cross-aarch64-linux-gnu</a></li>
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</ul>
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</p>
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<p>
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32-bit build on x86 linux:
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<pre>
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[binaries]
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c = '/usr/bin/gcc'
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cpp = '/usr/bin/g++'
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ar = '/usr/bin/gcc-ar'
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strip = '/usr/bin/strip'
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pkgconfig = '/usr/bin/pkg-config-32'
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llvm-config = '/usr/bin/llvm-config32'
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[properties]
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c_args = ['-m32']
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c_link_args = ['-m32']
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cpp_args = ['-m32']
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cpp_link_args = ['-m32']
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[host_machine]
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system = 'linux'
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cpu_family = 'x86'
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cpu = 'i686'
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endian = 'little'
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</pre>
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</p>
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<p>
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64-bit build on ARM linux:
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<pre>
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[binaries]
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c = '/usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc'
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cpp = '/usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-g++'
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ar = '/usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc-ar'
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strip = '/usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-strip'
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pkgconfig = '/usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-pkg-config'
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exe_wrapper = '/usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static'
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[host_machine]
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system = 'linux'
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cpu_family = 'aarch64'
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cpu = 'aarch64'
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endian = 'little'
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</pre>
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</p>
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<p>
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64-bit build on x86 windows:
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<pre>
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[binaries]
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c = '/usr/bin/x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc'
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cpp = '/usr/bin/x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++'
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ar = '/usr/bin/x86_64-w64-mingw32-ar'
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strip = '/usr/bin/x86_64-w64-mingw32-strip'
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pkgconfig = '/usr/bin/x86_64-w64-mingw32-pkg-config'
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exe_wrapper = 'wine'
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[host_machine]
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system = 'windows'
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cpu_family = 'x86_64'
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cpu = 'i686'
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endian = 'little'
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</pre>
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</p>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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